© Benaki Phytopathological Institute
Hellenic Plant Protection Journal
12:
6-11, 2019
DOI 10.2478/hppj-2019-0002
1
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricul-
ture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
2
Department of Plant Protection, School of Agricul-
ture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
* Corresponding author:
Resistance of ten common medicinal plants to the root-knot
nematode
Meloidogyne javanica
S. Ansari
1
, H. Charehgani
1*
and R. Ghaderi
2
Summary
A preliminary survey indicated that the root-knot nematode
Meloidogyne javanica
is wide-
ly distributed in the rhizosphere of medicinal plants in Boyer-Ahmad region (Iran). Host suitability of
ten species of medicinal plants to
M. javanica
was examined in a pot experiment under controlled
greenhouse conditions: alkakengy (
Physalis alkekengi
L.), chamomile (
Matricaria chamomilla
L.), Eng-
lish plantain (
Plantago lanceolata
L.), fennel (
Foeniculum vulgare
Mill.), garden anchusa (
Anchusa itali-
ca
Retz.), horehound (
Marrubium vulgare
L.), lovage (
Levisticum officinale
L.), sorrel (
Rumex acetosella
L.),
thistle (
Echinops adenocaulos
Boiss.) and woundwort (
Stachys pilifera
Benth.). According to the scheme
of Canto-Saenz, seven species, namely garden anchusa, fennel
,
horehound, alkakengy
,
English plan-
tain
,
woundwort and sorrel can be considered susceptible hosts with gall index (GI) > 2 and reproduc-
tion factor (RF) > 1, and thistle, lovage and chamomile, can be considered as hyper-susceptible with GI
> 2 and RF ≤ 1.
Additional keywords:
gall Index, hyper-susceptible, reproduction factor, susceptible
cies, from susceptible (Chinappen
et al.,
1988; Rhoades, 1988; Mustika, 1992) to resis-
tant (Mukhopadhyaya
et al.,
1980; Tanda
et
al.,
1989; Haseeb and Butool, 1990; Haroon
and Huettel, 1991) (Table 1). Studies by Si-
vakumar and Vadivelu (1997) on 46 medic-
inal and aromatic plants showed that
Mel-
oidogyne hapla
(Heteroderidae) was the
predominant nematode species followed
by
Helicotylenchus indicus
(Hoplolaimidae),
Pratylenchus coffeae
(Pratylenchidae),
Tylen-
chorhynchus martini
(Belonolaimidae),
Xi-
phinema americanum
(Longidoridae),
Scutel-
lonema conicephalum
(Hoplolaimidae) and
Hemicriconemoides mangiferae
(Criconema-
tidae). Root-knot nematodes (
Meloidogyne
spp.) are serious pests of medicinal and or-
namental plants (Haseeb
et al.,
1984), which,
in high population density can affect the
quantity and quality of production (Haseeb
et al.,
1996).
The objective of the present study was
to determine the susceptibility of ten com-
mon medicinal plants as hosts to the root-
knot nematode
Meloidogyne javanica
(Het-
eroderidae) under greenhouse conditions
based on gall index (GA) and Reproduction
Factor (RF), which are two important mea-
sures of nematode infestation (Sasser
et
Introduction
Root exudates of plants contain chemical
compounds which attract nematodes to
the root or result in repulse, motility inhibi-
tion or even their death (Curtis
et al
., 2009).
For example, chlorogenic acid which is sub-
sequently oxidized by the action of host or
nematode polyphenol oxidase might inhib-
it nematode activity and prevent root-knot
nematode larvae frompenetrating theendo-
dermis into tissues suitable for giant cell pro-
duction (Hung and Rohde, 1973). Three alka-
loids namely sanguinarine, chelerytherine
and allocryptopine have shown strong ne-
maticidal activity (Wang
et al
., 2012). In addi-
tion, the phenolic acid compounds are po-
tentially involved in resistance or tolerance
of tall fescue (
Festuca
sp.) (Poaceae) to
Praty-
lenchus scribneri
(Pratylenchidae) (Bacetty
et
al
., 2009).
Susceptibility of medicinal plants to par-
asitic nematodes vary between the spe-
